Barrett’s esophagus is a condition that affects the esophagus (the tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach). When people have Barrett’s esophagus, the normal cells in the lower part of their esophagus are replaced by intestinal type of cell.

Barrett’s esophagus is usually caused by acid reflux. Acid reflux is when the acid that is normally in your stomach backs up into the esophagus. Many people with acid reflux never get Barrett’s esophagus, but some do.

If you have acid reflux, it’s important to know if you also have Barrett’s esophagus. That’s because Barrett’s esophagus can later turn into pre-cancer or cancer of the esophagus.

What are the symptoms of Barrett’s esophagus? — Barrett’s esophagus does not cause any symptoms. But people usually have symptoms from their acid reflux, such as:

■Burning in the chest, known as heartburn
■Burning in the throat or an acid taste in the throat
■Vomiting after eating
■Trouble swallowing
Is there a test for Barrett’s esophagus? — Yes. Your doctor can do a test called an upper endoscopy to check for Barrett’s esophagus.

During an upper endoscopy, a doctor puts a thin tube with a camera and light on the end into your mouth and down into your esophagus. He or she will look at the lining of the esophagus and take a small sample of it. Pathology doctor will look at the cells under a microscope to see if you have Barrett’s esophagus.

How is Barrett’s esophagus treated? — Barrett’s esophagus is treated by reducing or getting rid of a person’s acid reflux. Treatment does not usually cure the Barrett’s esophagus, but it keeps it from getting worse.

Your doctor will likely give you medicines to stop your stomach from making too much acid. He or she might also recommend that you:

■Avoid caffeine drinks, alcohol, chocolate, peppermint, and fatty foods. These foods can make acid reflux worse.
■Avoid eating before going to bed, eating large meals, or lying down after eating
■Raise the head of your bed by 6 to 8 inches (for example, by putting wood blocks on the floor under head-side legs of the bed)
Should I follow up with my doctor? — Yes. If you have Barrett’s esophagus, you should follow up with your doctor. He or she will keep checking that your Barrett’s esophagus does not turn into pre-cancer or cancer.

What if my Barrett’s esophagus turns into pre-cancer or cancer? — If this happens, your doctor will talk with you about different ways to treat it. Generally, it involves endoscopic ablation of abnormal cells.